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Oscola Referencing Guide:
Oscola is the short form for Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. It is used in law studies both in UK and abroad.
Oscola referencing unlike other referencing formats like APA does not have in-text citation. Rather it consists of three main parts:
- A superscript: A superscript number presented at the end of the paraphrase or quote.
- A Footnote: Complete reference to the source at the end of the page.
- Bibliography: List of all the sources with their complete details.
These three areas are key focus to understand oscola referencing quickly. The following is a brief oscola quick reference guide for different sources used.
Oscola Referencing for Journals:
Any quotation or paraphrasing used in text are given a number in superscript like 1 This superscript is explained at the end of the page in the footnote section. The bibliography section also have the complete reference slightly different from the footnote section.
Difference between referencing in Footnote and Bibliography:
The only difference between referencing in the footnote and bibliography section is the Author or party name. While footnote uses the complete name, only surname followed by one initial is used in bibliography as shown below:
| Footnote |
| Format |
Author Name, “Journal Title” [year] page number |
| Example |
Peter Craig, “Pure Theory and Values in Public Law” [2011] p 480. |
|
| Bibliography |
| Format |
Surname first initial, Journal Title” [year] page number |
| Example |
Craig P, “Pure Theory and Values in Public Law” [2011] p 480. |
|
Oscola Referencing for Book with less Than Three Author
When citing a book, the references contain name of all the authors, followed by book name, edition and publication as given in the following example:
| Footnote |
| Format |
Authors or editor’s Names, Book title (edn number, publisher year of edition) |
| Example |
Mark Featherland Williams, Michael Homier and Rupert Jonas (eds), Featherland Williams on the Proceeds of Crime (5th rev edn, Oxford University Press 2016). |
|
| Bibliography |
| Format |
Surname followed by initial, Book title, (edn number, publisher year of edition) |
| Example |
Featherland Williams M, Homier M and Jonas R (eds), Featherland Williams on the Proceeds of Crime (5th rev edn, Oxford University Press 2016). |
|
Oscola Referencing for Book with less Than Three Author:
For referencing a book with more than three authors, write the name of first author followed by all others as shown below:
| Footnote |
| Format |
Name of first author and others, Book Title (edition number, year) |
| Example |
Honey Jewell and others, The Legal Constitution (9th ed, 2018). |
|
| Bibliography |
| Format |
Name of first author and others, Book Title (edition number, year) |
| Example |
Jewell H and others, The Legal Constitution (8th ed, 2018). |
|
Oscola Referencing for Encyclopedia
The encyclopedia is cited in the same way as book is, excluding author or editor name and publisher information. Both the footnotes and bibliography are same. The following example is given for explanation:
| Footnote |
| Format |
Encyclopedia name (edition, year) volume # |
| Example |
Asbury’s Laws (5th edn, 2010) vol 59. |
|
| Bibliography |
| Format |
Encyclopedia name (edition, year) volume # |
| Example |
Asbury’s Laws (5th edn, 2010) vol 59. |
|
Oscola Referencing for Cases with Neutral Citations:
Neutral citations are references number that the court assign to cases independently. They refer to the judgment rather than the case report itself. When adding neutral citations, footnotes and bibliography will look something like:
| Footnote |
| Format |
Party’s Name, Volume Name [year] parliament abbreviation, Paragraph number. |
| Example |
Sandra Corry IBC Vehicles [2010] UKHL 14. |
|
| Bibliography |
| Format |
Surname first initial, Volume Name [year] parliament abbreviation, Paragraph number. |
| Example |
Corry S IBC Vehicles [2010] UKHL 14. |
|
Oscola Referencing for Cases with Law Report Citation:
Law reports are a series of books called law reports. The cases that are cited in those law reports are referenced in the paper as:
| Footnote |
| Format |
Party’s Name, Volume Name [year] abbreviation of law report, Paragraph number. |
| Example |
White Kipp IBC Vehicles [2011] 1 AC 896 |
|
| Bibliography |
| Format |
Surname first initial, Volume Name [year] abbreviation of law report, Paragraph number. |
| Example |
Kipp W IBC Vehicles [2011] 1 AC 896 |
|
Oscola Referencing for Cases with Neutral and Law Report Citations:
In referencing the cases cited in both neutral and law report citations, both of them are quoted as:
| Footnote |
| Format |
Party Name, Case name [year] abbreviation of parliament [year], abbreviation of law report, paragraph number. |
| Example |
Sandra Corry IBC Vehicles [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884. |
|
| Bibliography |
| Format |
Surname followed by initial, Case name [year] abbreviation of parliament [year], abbreviation of law report, paragraph number. |
| Example |
Corry S IBC Vehicles [2008] 1 AC 884. |
|
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