Are you having difficulty in citing and referencing your research paper? Are you wondering how to do Harvard referencing?
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Harvard Referencing Style is mainly used in humanities and social sciences. So if you are a professor or student related to these fields, you will have to use Harvard referencing for your citations.
Whenever you use someone else’ information, the author name should be mention in the text with complete details given in the reference list.
Whenever you use Harvard referencing, it will be under two broad areas:
In-text Citation in Harvard referencing is same as done in APA (American Psychological Association) with a slight difference. It involves mentioning author’s name, publishing date according to the following format:
This includes using the surname of the author and publishing date of the source separated by a comma.
FORMAT | EXAMPLE |
---|---|
(Rodger, 2016) | More applied advertising methods for new products lead to increased sales. (Rodger, 2016) |
Rodger (2016) states that…. | Roger (2016) states that more applied advertising methods for new products lead to increased sales |
Name of the authors separated by “and” (as given in the example) followed by year of publication. (Amberson “&” is not used in it like in APA format).
FORMAT | EXAMPLE |
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Rodgers and (2016) states that…. | Rodgers and Kipps (2016) states that more applied advertising methods for new products lead to increase in sales. |
(Ronald and Kipps, 2016) | More applied advertising methods for new products lead to increase in sales. (Rodgers and Kipps, 2016) |
First author followed by et al. and year of publication.
FORMAT | EXAMPLE |
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Rodgers et al (2016) states that…. | Rodgers et al (2019) states that more applied advertising methods for new products lead to increased sales. |
(Ronald et al, 2019) | More applied advertising methods for new products lead to increased sales. (Ronald et al, 2019) |
If the author is anonymous, first 4-5 words of the title are used followed by the year of publication.
SOURCE | FORMAT | EXAMPLE |
---|---|---|
Book, report or brochure | Title should be in italic form. | (A Guide to marketing principles , 2016) |
Article, Chapter, webpage | Title should be placed in quotation mark(“”) | (“A Guide To Marketing Principles”, 2016) |
End text citation for each source is done differently:
It consist of:
Here is a format and an example for you:
Format: |
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Author AA, Author BB. Year of publication. Title of the article. Name of the journal |
Example: |
Bayfield, A.H. and Crockett, W.H., 1955. Employee attitudes and employee performance. Psychological bulletin |
Referencing of a book in Harvard Style is done as illustrated below:
It consist of the following elements:
Take the following format and example:
Format: |
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Name of authors, year of publication Title of the book (number of edition) Location. |
Example: |
McLeay EJ, William, DP & Pascale, GQ 1997, Advance marketing, Irwin, Sydney. |
The chapter of the book is referenced in Harvard style as given below:
Following elements make up the Harvard Referencing:
Format: |
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Name of author, Year of publication, Title of the book, pages number. Name of Publisher, Location |
Example: |
Grison, R 2001, ‘The new British workplace: High road or low road? Workplaces of the future, pp. 23-45. Macmillan Press, London. |
The referencing of Harvard website is slightly different from others with the following components:
Format: |
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Author or Organization name, site date, Title of the webpage, Date of webpage, Source of Data, URL (Available from), date of Data extraction. |
Example: |
University Library 2016, University Library Home page, 28 March 2019, The University of London. Available from: http://www.library.uol.edu.uk. [31 May 2019]. |
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